In the processing of aluminum products, the lubricating component of the cutting fluid plays a vital role, and its affinity with the aluminum surface affects the quality, efficiency and surface integrity of the cutting process.
First of all, the type and nature of the lubricating component determine the basis of its affinity with the aluminum surface. Common lubricating components of special cutting fluid for aluminum products include oiliness agents and extreme pressure agents. Oiliness agents such as fatty acid esters have long-chain hydrocarbon groups in their molecular structure and can form a physical adsorption film on the aluminum surface. Since the aluminum surface has a certain activity, this long-chain hydrocarbon group can interact with aluminum atoms through van der Waals force, thereby showing a certain affinity. For example, oleate oiliness agents can form a denser adsorption layer on the aluminum surface, reducing the direct friction between the tool and the aluminum part. Extreme pressure agents react chemically with the aluminum surface under high pressure and high temperature conditions to form a compound film with low shear strength. For example, sulfur-containing extreme pressure agents react with aluminum during cutting to form aluminum sulfide films. This film can not only reduce the friction coefficient, but also prevent aluminum from sticking to the tool at high temperatures. Its affinity with the aluminum surface is reflected in the specificity of the chemical reaction.
Secondly, the synergistic effect of additives in cutting fluids has a significant effect on affinity. Some additives can enhance the adsorption and reactivity of lubricating components on the aluminum surface. For example, adding a small amount of surfactants can improve the dispersibility of oiliness agents in cutting fluids, making it easier to approach the aluminum surface and form a uniform adsorption film, thereby improving the overall affinity. At the same time, the presence of antioxidants can prevent the lubricating components from losing their ability to bind to the aluminum surface due to oxidation during use, ensuring the stability of their affinity.
Furthermore, processing parameters will also change the affinity relationship between the lubricating components and the aluminum surface. During high-speed cutting, the temperature and pressure in the cutting area rise sharply, which requires the lubricating components to have higher thermal stability and reactivity to maintain effective affinity with the aluminum surface. For example, a higher cutting speed may cause the adsorption film of ordinary oiliness agent to break. At this time, the extreme pressure agent needs to react quickly with the aluminum surface to form a protective film, otherwise it will lead to increased cutting force and reduced aluminum surface quality. When cutting at low speed, the adsorption of oiliness agent may be more critical, and its affinity with the aluminum surface needs to remain stable for a long time to provide continuous lubrication effect.
Finally, in-depth research on the relationship between the lubricating components of special cutting fluid for aluminum products and the affinity of aluminum surface will help optimize the cutting fluid formula. By accurately selecting and formulating lubricating components and their additives, combined with the consideration of adaptability to different processing technologies, special cutting fluid for aluminum products with better performance can be developed, which can improve the economic benefits and product quality of aluminum product processing and promote technological progress in the aluminum processing industry.
